When a body is difficult to identify, usually autolysis throughout the body has started. Examples are distention, color, odor, gas, purge and skin slip (desquamation). Environment, cause of death and time are major concerns that determine approach, treatment and sanitation of the body.

  Embalming begins with personal protection. Once the body reaches the preparation room, it is necessary for the embalmer to analyze the potential hazards associated with the death. Following strict procedures for movement of the body is essential for dangers to be limited. There is no way of telling what precautions were taken from the place of death to the time that the body was delivered to the embalming facility. Were primary disinfection procedures carried out or was the removal lackadaisical?

  It is recommended that the body be unwrapped or disrobed on the removal cot. This process begins with the spraying of orifices and outer wrappings with a disinfectant with special emphasis placed on surgical dressings and body waste such as fecal material, urine, blood and other body fluids. The nose and mouth should be sprayed and swabbed and covered with a mask or wet paper towel. It is recommended sling straps be used around the hips and shoulders to prevent micro fractures of the spine.

  Once the body is on the prep table, it should be carefully scrubbed/washed with a disinfectant soap. Special attention should be given to the groin area and arm pits. These areas naturally harbor odor forming substances and bacteria which can be offensive when a body is in repose. These areas are also sites of maggot infestation during summer months in tropical regions.

  The initial positioning of the body should be established. Some practitioners use blocks under the heels, buttocks, head and shoulders. Some use the Blickens body positioner and others use an adjustable foot positioner and an adjustable head block for positioning the head with a block under the shoulders in order to prevent a frogging effect (large neck). This enlarged neck appearance is a common correctable condition in many cases. There are those who have natural large jowls and correcting them would take away from the natural appearance. Arms and hands are positioned just prior to the beginning of embalming. Positioning of the hands is determined by local customs.

  Embalming Technology (ET-5) will deal with the disinfection and positioning of the facial features.